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Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea
An ongoing epidemic of Ebola virus disease (commonly known as "Ebola") in Guinea represents the first ever outbreak of Ebola in a West African country. Previous outbreaks have been confined to several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ )〕 The epidemic, which began with the death of a 2-year-old boy in December 2013, is now part of a larger Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa which has spread through Guinea and the neighboring countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone, with smaller outbreaks occurring in Senegal, Nigeria, and Mali.
==Epidemiology==
Researchers believe that the index case was Emile Ouamouno, a 2-year-old boy who lived in the village of Meliandou, Guéckédou located in the Nzérékoré Region of Guinea. Researchers from the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin believe the child contracted the virus while playing near a tree that was a roosting place for free-tail bats infected with the virus. Dr Fabian Leendertz, an epidemiologist who was part of the investigative team, said Ebola virus is transmitted to humans either through contact with larger wildlife (gorillas, monkeys), or by direct contact with bats. The child, later identified as Emile Ouamouno, fell ill on 2 December and died 6 December 2013. His sister fell ill next, followed by his mother and grandmother. It is believed the Ebola virus was then spread to the villages of Dandou Pombo and Dawa, both in Guéckédou, by the midwife who attended them. From Dawa village the virus spread to Guéckédou Baladou District and Guéckédou Farako District, and on to Macenta and Kissidougou.〔〔
Although Ebola represents a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, no cases had ever been reported in West Africa and the early cases were diagnosed as other diseases more common to the area such as Lassa fever, another hemorrhagic fever similar to Ebola. Thus, it wasn't until March 2014 that the outbreak was recognized as Ebola. The Ministry of Health of Guinea notified the World Health Organization (WHO), and on 23 March the WHO announced an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea with a total of 49 cases as of that date.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How Ebola sped out of control )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Previous Updates: 2014 West Africa Outbreak )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guinea: Ebola epidemic declared )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ebola virus disease in Guinea (Situation as of 25 March 2014) )〕 By late May, the outbreak had spread to Conakry, Guinea's capital, a city of about two million inhabitants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Previous Updates: 2014 West Africa Outbreak )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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